In particular, it has been claimed that the primary auditory cortex (Au1) is dispensable for threat memory since animals withĪuditory cortex lesions are able to acquire and retrieve auditory threat memories that involve a single tone CS ( Romanski and LeDoux 1992a, b Sacco and Sacchetti 2010). Pathway, can independently support auditory threat (fear) learning ( Romanski and LeDoux 1992b Campeau and Davis 1995 Antunes and Moita 2010), but the conditions that engage the cortical route and its functional role in threat memory are poorly understood ( Grosso et al.

Either of these pathways, the thalamo-amygdala and the thalalamo-cortico-amygdala Occurs during Pavlovian threat conditioning. Two parallel neural pathways convey auditory information to the lateral nucleus of the amygdala where associative plasticity Our findings show that Au1 is required at critical memory phases and suggest that Au1 plasticity enables stimulus Memory specificity was similarly disrupted by infusion of PKMζ inhibitor peptide (ZIP) during memory To show that discriminatory threat learning requires Au1 activity specifically during memory acquisition and retrieval, but Is not clear whether such Au1 plasticity regulates memory specificity or generalization. While auditory threat learning produces long-lasting plasticity in primary auditory cortex (Au1), it Distinguishing threatening from nonthreatening stimuli is essential for survival and stimulus generalization is a hallmark

Secondary auditory cortex function